INFORMATICS PRACTICES CLASS 11
Chapter - 2: Emerging Trends
Chapter: Emerging Trends - Exercise Questions and Answers
1. List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
Some commonly used cloud-based services are:
1. Google Drive
2. Gmail
3. Google Photos
4. YouTube
5. Dropbox
6. Microsoft OneDrive
7. Zoom
8. Google Meet
2. What do you understand by the Internet of Things (IoT)? List some of its potential applications.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices connected to the internet that can collect, exchange and process data automatically without much human intervention.
Applications of IoT:
1. Smart homes
2. Smart healthcare systems
3. Smart cities
4. Smart agriculture
5. Smart transportation
6. Industrial automation
7. Wearable devices
3. Write a short note on the following:
a) Cloud computing
Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access computing resources such as storage, servers, databases, software and networking services over the internet instead of storing them on their own computers. It provides flexibility, scalability and cost savings because users pay only for the resources they use.
b) Big Data and its characteristics
Big Data refers to extremely large amounts of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that cannot be processed efficiently using traditional methods.
Characteristics (5 Vs) of Big Data:
1. Volume: Huge amount of data.
2. Velocity: Speed at which data is generated.
3. Variety: Different types of data.
4. Veracity: Reliability and accuracy of data.
5. Value: Useful information obtained from data.
4. Explain the following along with their applications.
a) Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science that enables machines to mimic human intelligence and perform tasks such as learning, decision-making and problem solving.
Applications:
1. Virtual assistants (Siri, Alexa)
2. Self-driving vehicles
3. Medical diagnosis systems
4. Chatbots
5. Face recognition systems
b) Machine Learning (ML)
Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence in which computers learn from data and improve their performance without being explicitly programmed for every task.
Applications:
1. Recommendation systems (Netflix, Amazon)
2. Spam email filtering
3. Fraud detection
4. Speech recognition
5. Weather forecasting
5. Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with suitable examples.
Cloud Computing:
1. Resources are provided over the internet on demand.
2. Managed by cloud service providers.
3. Highly scalable.
4. Users pay according to usage.
5. Example: Google Drive, Microsoft Azure.
Grid Computing:
1. Combines multiple computers to solve a common problem.
2. Resources are shared among participating systems.
3. Mainly used for scientific computations.
4. Less flexible than cloud computing.
5. Example: SETI@home project.
6. Justify the following statement: "Storage of data is cost effective and time saving in cloud computing."
Cloud computing is cost effective because organizations do not need to purchase expensive storage hardware or maintain large data centres. Cloud service providers handle maintenance, security and upgrades. It is time saving because data can be accessed, shared and backed up instantly from anywhere using an internet connection. Users can also increase or decrease storage capacity whenever required.
7. What is on-demand service? How is it provided in cloud computing?
On-demand service means computing resources are made available whenever users need them without human interaction from the service provider.
In cloud computing, providers automatically allocate servers, storage, software and networking resources through the internet. Users can request these services at any time and pay only for what they use.
8. Write examples of the following:
a) Government provided cloud computing platform
Answer: MeghRaj (GI Cloud - Government of India).
b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide
Amazon Web Services (AWS): Storage, databases, virtual machines.
Microsoft Azure: Cloud storage, AI services, virtual servers.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP): Computing, databases, analytics services.
9. A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customised applications. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?
Answer: c) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Reason: IaaS provides virtual machines, storage, networking and other infrastructure resources that organizations can use to build and deploy customized applications.
10. Which is not one of the features of IoT devices?
Answer: c) Can turn themselves off if necessary
IoT devices are generally programmable, remotely controllable and internet-enabled, but automatically turning themselves off is not considered a standard feature.
11. If Government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how can each of the following be implemented?
a) e-textbooks
Students can access digital textbooks through cloud-connected tablets and smart devices.
b) Smart boards
Interactive smart boards connected to the internet can display multimedia content and allow real-time collaboration.
c) Online tests
Students can take online examinations and receive instant evaluation and feedback.
d) WiFi sensors on classroom doors
Sensors can automatically track classroom occupancy and manage security.
e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location
GPS-enabled sensors can track school buses and provide live location updates.
f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring
Smart wearable devices can automatically record student attendance when they enter school premises.
12. Five friends plan to try a startup. However, they have a limited budget and a limited computer infrastructure. How can they avail the benefits of cloud services to launch their startup?
The friends can use cloud computing services instead of buying expensive hardware and software. They can rent virtual servers, use cloud storage, online collaboration tools and software applications on a pay-as-you-go basis. This reduces initial investment costs and allows the startup to scale its resources as the business grows.
13. Governments provide various scholarships to students of different classes. Prepare a report on how blockchain technology can be used to promote accountability, transparency and efficiency in distribution of scholarships.
Blockchain technology can create a secure and transparent record of scholarship applications and transactions. Every step, from application submission to fund distribution, can be permanently recorded and verified. Since blockchain records cannot be altered easily, fraud and duplicate claims can be prevented. Students, educational institutions and government departments can track the status of scholarships in real time. This improves accountability, increases transparency and ensures timely distribution of funds while reducing paperwork and administrative delays.
14. How IoT and WoT are related?
IoT (Internet of Things) connects physical devices to the internet.
WoT (Web of Things) is an extension of IoT that uses standard web technologies such as HTTP and web APIs to make IoT devices communicate and interact more easily.
In simple words, WoT makes IoT devices accessible through the World Wide Web.
15. Match the following:
Correct Matching:
1. You got a reminder to take medication → Smart Health
2. You got an SMS alert that you forgot to lock the door → Home Automation
3. You got the SMS alert that parking space is available near your block → Smart Parking
4. You turned off your LED TV from your wrist watch → Smart Wearable